1、Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer application to improve nitrogen use

Reducing the N application rate decreased the accumulation of NO 3– -N and total N under each ridge-furrow ratio. Compared with FP, RFPM increased the N accumulation, grain yield, NFPF for spring maize under all three N application rates.

2、Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen (N) Application Rate on Light

Increasing N fertilizer can improve the photosynthetic characteristics of plants, increase the content of photosynthetic pigments in maize ear leaves, and improve the utilization rate of light energy and yield.

3、Crop nitrogen (N) utilization mechanism and strategies to improve N use

In this review, we discussed the molecular, biochemical, and enzymatic mechanisms involved in NUE in crop plants, ways to increase NUE through the identification of plant factors with special consideration of their interaction, and different management strategies.

Frontiers

To clarify the effects of intercropping and the application of nitrogen on the yield of wheat and light within the crop canopy, the relationship between light and yield and their response to nitrogen fertilizer were studied.

Strategies For Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency: A Review

In this review, we highlighted recent agronomic progress made to improve NUE by adopting primarily agronomic practices that may be more environmentally and economically beneficial, including...

Nitrogen fertilization coupled with iron foliar application improves

Photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) are the two important factors affecting the photosynthesis and nutrient utilization of plant leaves.

Improving nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and minimizing losses and

Overall, the study showed that reducing N 2 O and NH 3 emissions is important for increasing N utilization and mitigating global warming. Reducing N rate and using synergists can address the joint problems of environmental pollution and agricultural efficiency.

Effect of nitrogen application on yield, quality and light temperature

Reasonable nitrogen application can significantly increase the yield and quality of summer peanuts, promote nitrogen accumulation and utilization, and improve the physiological performance of light and temperature during growth.

Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Management on Light and

The low efficiency of light and nitrogen resources, poor yield and profit, and environmental pollution of maize production are main problems in many areas of China. We hypothesized that optimizing nitrogen fertilizer density management strategies could alleviate the above issues.

Response of light use efficiency and grain yield of maize to planting

<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>A rational planting density and judicious use of chemical fertilizer input are effective ways to improve crop yields and fertilizer use efficiency in the rainfed region.

The improvement in light energy utilization efficiency after applying nitrogen fertilizer primarily involves multiple aspects such as photosynthesis, plant growth, physiological metabolism, and others. Below is a detailed analysis of this issue:

1. Photosynthesis

• Increased Chlorophyll Content: Nitrogen fertilizer application promotes the synthesis of chlorophyll in plant leaves, thereby enhancing photosynthetic efficiency. Chlorophyll, the key pigment for capturing light energy, increases in content, which helps accelerate the rate of photosynthesis.
• Improved Chloroplast Structure: Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer can optimize chloroplast structure in plant leaves, making it more complete and thus strengthening the absorption and conversion capacity of light energy.
• Promoted Accumulation of Photosynthate: Nitrogen fertilizer use facilitates the synthesis of carbon-based substances (e.g., sugars, proteins) in plants, which are essential substrates for photosynthesis. Their increase contributes to higher light energy utilization.
• Impact on Photosynthetic Enzyme Activity: Nitrogen is a critical component of photosynthetic enzymes. Proper nitrogen application enhances the activity of these enzymes, accelerating the photosynthetic reaction rate.

2. Plant Growth

• Stimulated Root Development: Nitrogen fertilizer application encourages root growth. A发达的 root system helps plants absorb water and nutrients more efficiently, thereby improving photosynthetic efficiency.
• Strengthened Stem Structure: Nitrogen fertilizer enhances stem strength, enabling plants to withstand external environmental stresses (e.g., wind, rain), which is crucial for light energy utilization.
• Regulation of Plant Hormone Balance: Nitrogen fertilizer affects endogenous hormone balance (e.g., auxins, gibberellins). Changes in these hormones influence plant growth direction and speed, indirectly impacting light energy utilization.

3. Physiological Metabolism

• Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity: Nitrogen fertilizer application strengthens the plant’s antioxidant defenses, reducing photosystem damage caused by oxidative stress and maintaining high light energy utilization.
• Altered Plant Hormone Balance: Nitrogen fertilizer use modifies hormone levels (e.g., auxins, gibberellins), influencing growth patterns and, subsequently, light energy utilization.
• Regulation of Endogenous Hormones: Nitrogen fertilizer adjusts levels of abscisic acid, ethylene, etc., affecting photosynthetic characteristics and growth modes, ultimately impacting light energy utilization.

4. Environmental Factors

• Improved Microclimate: Nitrogen fertilizer enriches soil organic matter, enhancing water- and nutrient-retaining capacity, thereby creating better growth conditions for plants.
• Reduced Pest/Disease Incidence: Nitrogen fertilizer suppresses certain pests and diseases, preventing reductions in photosynthesis caused by infections, thus maintaining light energy efficiency.
• Enhanced Microbial Activity: Nitrogen fertilizer stimulates soil microbial activity, aiding decomposition of organic matter and increasing nutrient supply for photosynthetic substrates.

5. Genetic Factors

• Crop Variety Selection: Different plant varieties respond distinctly to nitrogen. Some are better adapted to high-nitrogen conditions, optimizing light energy utilization.
• Genetic Variation: Genomic differences in nitrogen response affect fertilizer utilization efficiency, influencing light energy utilization.

6. Fertilization Practices

• Nitrogen Dose Control: Optimal nitrogen application ensures plants grow under suitable nitrogen levels. Excessive or insufficient dosages may reduce light energy efficiency.
• Timing of Application: Timely fertilization maximizes nitrogen effectiveness, avoiding waste or yield reduction due to improper timing.

7. Soil Conditions

• Soil pH: Soil pH affects nitrogen absorption. Adjusting pH optimizes nitrogen uptake and utilization.
• Soil Texture: Loose soil facilitates nitrogen distribution and root absorption, improving fertilizer efficiency.

8. Water Conditions

• Water Supply: Adequate irrigation supports plant growth while preventing nitrogen leaching. Over-irrigation reduces nutrient availability.
• Water Stress Mitigation: Drought or flooding impairs photosynthesis and nitrogen use. Rational water management enhances fertilizer efficiency.

9. Climate Factors

• Temperature Effects: Optimal temperature ranges boost photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism, promoting efficient fertilizer use.
• Light Intensity: Proper light management (e.g., avoiding extremes) improves energy conversion and nitrogen synergy.

10. Socioeconomic Factors

• Agricultural Policies: Government subsidies and policies influence farmers’ nitrogen use, indirectly affecting light energy efficiency.
• Market Demand: Price fluctuations and market trends shape planting decisions, altering nitrogen input scales and, consequently, light energy utilization.

The improved light energy utilization after nitrogen fertilizer application results from interdisciplinary factors, including biology, ecology, chemistry, and economics. Comprehensive analysis of these elements provides scientific insights for optimizing agricultural practices and enhancing crop productivity.