1、Fertilizer types and nitrogen rates integrated strategy for achieving

This study aimed to optimize fertilizer type and nitrogen (N) application rates to improve soil nutrient availability, moisture retention, and quinoa yield.

2、Effects of Different N Fertilizer Doses on Phenology

In conclusion, quinoa yield could be significantly improved at the Loess Plateau region under rainfed conditions by an optimal nitrogen fertilizer rate of 120 kg ha−1, which reduces the growth duration while increasing photosynthesis traits.

3、Improving of Quinoa Nitrogen Metabolism Enzyme Activity、 Nitrogen

[Conclusion] Therefore, slow-release fertilizer was selected as the optimal fertilizer type, enhancing nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity through improving nitrogen uptake and utilization, which subsequently boosted quinoa yields and economic efficiency.

4、Evaluation of Efficiency and Response of Quinoa Plant to Nitrogen

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE): The values were significantly decreased with increasing N fertilizer applications. Their values varied between 5.52 and 4.31 under the 80 and 160 kg N ha-1 application rates, respectively (Table 3).

Effects of Nitrogen Accumulation, Transportation, and Grain Nutritional

The results from the present study indicated that appropriate nitrogen application significantly enhanced the nitrogen accumulation and yield of quinoa grains during maturity, increasing by 34.54–42.18% and 14.59–30.71%, respectively.

Evaluation of Efficiency and Response of Quinoa Plant to Nitrogen

Three levels of N fertilizer (i.e., 0, 80 and 160 kg N ha-1) were used and laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates.

Effect of Different#$NBSAmount#$NBSNitrogen Fertilizer and Ratio#$NBSof

The results show that the application of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase the yield of quinoa, and proper nitrogen application rate and ratio of base to topdressing are the important factors for high yielding of quinoa.

Study on the Mechanism of Slow

Slow- and controlled-release fertilizer are mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, which can achieve simultaneous sowing of seed fertilizer.

Improving of Quinoa Nitrogen Metabolism Enzyme Activity、 Nitrogen

-release fertilizer yielded the highest quinoa output, averaging 4525.8 kg ha-1, and secured the greatest economic returns. In contrast to other treatments, slow-release fertilizer demonstrated remarkable enhancements, with nitrogen fertilizer utilization efici.

Study on the Mechanism of Slow

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate how nitrogen and slow-release fertilizers affect the traits of leaf senescence and quinoa production in order to explore the optimal slow-release fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer ratios suitable for quinoa production, as well as to provide theoretical references for the planting of ...

Quinoa is a plant-based food with exceptional nutritional value, containing all nine essential amino acids required by humans. Not only is it suitable as a health food, but its unique texture and nutritional profile also make it versatile in culinary applications. Nitrogen fertilization is a critical factor in quinoa cultivation, as it promotes growth and increases yields.

I. Quinoa’s Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirements

1. Role of Nitrogen Fertilizer: Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth. For quinoa, nitrogen enhances leaf development, improves photosynthetic efficiency, and supports root growth.
2. Required Amount: Quinoa has relatively high nitrogen demands. Studies show that producing 1,000 kg of quinoa requires approximately 35–45 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, though this varies depending on growth stages and environmental conditions.
3. Fertilization Timing: Nitrogen application typically involves two stages:
   • Base Fertilizer: Applied before planting to ensure early nutrient availability.
   • Topdressing: Applied during the early growth phase to support rapid development.

II. Fertilization Methods and Techniques

1. Base Fertilizer: Before sowing, spread nitrogen evenly over the soil and incorporate it into the topsoil. This ensures sufficient nitrogen supply for germination and early growth.
2. Topdressing: Apply nitrogen regularly during the early and mid-growth stages, adjusting frequency based on plant health and soil tests. Weekly applications are typical until one week before harvest.
3. Rational Proportioning: Use slow-release or controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers to optimize nutrient uptake and minimize waste.

III. Key Considerations

1. Fertilizer Selection: Prioritize organic fertilizers or inorganic slow-release formulas to reduce environmental and health risks.
2. Soil Conditions: Conduct soil analysis to assess pH, organic matter, and nitrogen levels, as requirements vary by soil type.
3. Environmental Impact: Excessive nitrogen can lead to soil acidification and groundwater contamination. Apply fertilizers judiciously to avoid ecological harm.

IV. Recommendations

1. Soil Testing: Analyze soil nitrogen content and pH before fertilization to refine application rates and timing.
2. Balanced Fertilization: Combine nitrogen with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to meet quinoa’s comprehensive nutrient needs.
3. Ongoing Monitoring: Track plant growth and soil conditions throughout the season, adjusting strategies as needed.

scientific nitrogen management is vital for maximizing quinoa yields and quality. By adopting precise fertilization practices, eco-friendly formulations, and sustainable approaches, farmers can achieve high and stable production while protecting the environment.