1、BBX21 Integrates Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and Signaling in the

Here, we demonstrate that BBX21 inhibits the hypocotyl elongation through the brassinosteroid (BR) pathway. BBX21 reduces the sensitivity to 24-epiBL, a synthetic active BR, principally at very low concentrations in simulated shade.

2、油菜素内酯调控作物农艺性状和非生物胁迫响应的研究进展

BRs被包括受体BRI1和共受体BAK1在内的细胞表面受体感知，继而触发信号级联，导致蛋白激酶BIN2的抑制和转录因子BES1/BZR1的激活，BES1/BZR1可直接调控数千个下游响应基因的表达。 在模式植物拟南芥中的研究表明，BR的生物合成和信号转导通路成员，特别是BIN2和其下游的转录因子BES1/BZR1，可以被各种环境因子广泛地调节。 本文系统总结了BR相关的最新研究进展，对BR的生物合成和信号转导是如何被复杂的环境因子所调节，以及BR与环境因子如何协同调控作物重要农艺性状、冷胁迫和盐胁迫的响应进行了综述。 关键词： 油菜素内酯 农艺性状 冷胁迫 盐胁迫.

3、Paclobutrazol

Although the steps shown here occur in most plants, there are important species-specific differences. The presumptive Brz target sites are indicated by bold arrows. Brassinosteroid-deficient mutants are indicated in black and brassinosteroid-insensitive mutants are indicated in gray.

Paclobutrazol increases pod yield of okra by altering plant

The least plant height was brought in by the paclobutrazol 400 ppm (soil drenched on 7th and 14th DAS), which might be due to the inhibitory effect of paclobutrazol on gibberellic acid activity in the plant, therefore giving rise to plants with shorter internodes and plant height.

Phytohormone inhibitor treatments phenocopy brassinosteroid

In this work, we sought to assess the specificity of three triazole inhibitors of cytochrome P450s by determining their abilities to recapitulate the phenotypes of single and double mutants affected in the production of brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis.

The non

Paclobutrazol Resistances (PREs) are non-DNA binding bHLH transcription factors involved in the regulation of plant response to several different plant hormones including gibberellin, brassinosteroid and auxin.

Recent advances in brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway: insight into

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones involved in plant growth and environmental adaptation. It is well known that oxidation/hydroxylation steps in the BR biosynthetic pathway are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Brassinosteroids in plant growth and development

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in modulating diverse plant processes, including photomorphogenesis, reproduction, cell division and elongation, xylem differentiation, and stress responses. Initially, BRs were isolated from Brassica napus pollen (Grove et al., 1979).

Q&A: what are brassinosteroids and how do they act in plants?

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of polyhydroxylated steroidal phytohormones in plants with similar structures to animals’ steroid hormones. Brassinosteroids regulate a wide range of physiological processes including plant growth, development and immunity.

BRZ and BRZ2001. (A) Structures of uniconazole, paclobutrazol

Chemical inhibitors are invaluable tools for investigating protein function in reverse genetic approaches. Their application bears many advantages over mutant generation and characterization.

Brassinosteroid and paclobutrazol are two commonly used plant growth regulators that play important roles in agricultural production. despite both being plant growth regulators, their chemical structures and mechanisms of action differ, requiring careful selection based on specific circumstances when applying them.

1. Chemical Structure: Brassinosteroid is a natural plant hormone primarily found in plants like rapeseed and wheat. It promotes plant growth, enhances photosynthetic efficiency, and improves stress resistance. Its mechanism of action involves regulating plant growth processes by affecting the activity of certain enzymes within the plant.

Paclobutrazol, on the other hand, is a synthetic plant growth regulator mainly used to control apical growth. It inhibits the synthesis of gibberellins by blocking gibberellin biosynthesis enzymes, thereby reducing apical growth. The primary action mechanism of paclobutrazol involves altering hormonal balance within the plant to influence growth processes.

2. Mechanisms of Action: Brassinosteroid regulates plant growth by influencing the activity of specific enzymes. For example, it can enhance photosynthesis, increasing crop yield and quality. Additionally, it improves stress resistance against drought, cold, pests, and diseases.

Paclobutrazol works by modifying hormonal balances within plants. When subjected to environmental stresses such as drought or high temperatures, paclobutrazol suppresses gibberellin synthesis, lowering gibberellin concentrations to inhibit apical growth and reduce water and nutrient consumption. it can also restrict the synthesis of other hormones like auxins and cytokinins, further slowing down plant growth.

3. Application Areas: Brassinosteroid is primarily used for increasing yields and improving qualities in crops like rapeseed and wheat. By applying brassinosteroid, photosynthetic efficiency in these crops can be enhanced, leading to higher output. Simultaneously, it boosts the crops' ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions.

Paclobutrazol finds its main application in controlling apical growth in crops like cotton and soybean. Applying paclobutrazol helps curb apical dominance in these plants, reducing nutrient and water loss at the top, thereby enhancing economic yields. Furthermore, paclobutrazol can be utilized to control pests such as cotton bollworm and soybean pod borer, reducing the need for pesticides.

4. Usage Methods and Precautions: Brassinosteroid is typically applied through foliar spraying directly onto the leaves. Care should be taken to avoid contact with fruits or seeds to prevent affecting crop quality. The concentration and frequency of application should be adjusted according to crop varieties and climatic conditions.

Paclobutrazol is mainly administered via soil application, mixing the formula with water and spreading it evenly over the soil surface. Avoid direct contact with roots to ensure normal plant growth. Concentration and application frequency should also be tailored to specific situations to avoid excessive growth inhibition.

although both brassinosteroid and paclobutrazol are plant growth regulators, they differ in chemical structure and mechanisms of action. When choosing between them, factors such as crop type, climate, and other conditions must be considered to achieve optimal results.