1、National assessment of nitrogen fertilizers fate and related

N fertilizers fate can be divided into two categories: first, N fertilizers absorbed by plants to increase crop production; second, N fertilizers lost to environment by various pathways (surface runoff, leaching, and gaseous loss).

2、Reducing soil nitrogen losses from fertilizer use in global maize and

Further, we presented a global estimate of soil Nr losses through major pathways due to maize and wheat fertilization, including direct and indirect N 2 O emissions, NH 3 volatilization, NO...

3、Nitrogen loss pathways – how much do we lose and in what form under

Paper presented by Graeme Schwenke from NSW DPI at the GRDC Grains Research Update, online on the 7 June on nitrogen loss pathways and how much do we lose and in what form under different situations.

4、Patterns of crop

Understanding crop-specific fertilizer-nitrogen (N) loss patterns, driving factors, and mitigation potentials is vital for developing efficient mitigation strategies.

5、N Loss Mechanisms and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

The two predominant N loss mechanisms that affect Indiana corn fields are leaching and denitrification of the nitrate-N form of nitrogen. Nitrogen loss due to volatilization of surface-applied urea-based products is a third source of N loss for some fields.

Nitrogen losses from the soil/plant system: a review

This review describes the nitrogen cycle in temperate soil/plant systems, the processes involved in each of the individual nitrogen loss pathways, the factors affecting the amounts of losses and the methods that are available to reduce these losses.

Ammonia volatilization as the major nitrogen loss pathway in dryland

NH 3 volatilizations were identified as the major pathways of soil N outputs. NH 3 volatilizations can be reduced by appropriate fertilizer and irrigation. The losses of excessive reactive nitrogen (N) from agricultural production pose detrimental impacts on water, air and land.

Ammonia volatilization as the major nitrogen loss pathway in dryland

We obtained the N fertilizer data produced from McGill University in Canada (Potter et al., 2010), by spatializing the country-level N fertilizer use amount (including chemical fertilizer and manure).

Nitrogen losses from fertilizers applied to maize, wheat and rice in

Ammonia volatilization, denitrification loss and total nitrogen (N) loss (unaccounted-for N) have been investigated from N fertilizer applied to a calcareous sandy loam fluvo-aquic soil at Fengqiu in the North China Plain.

Nitrogen Loss Pathways

The use of management zones or variable rate N fertilizer application approaches can ensure that N fertilizer is applied in areas with a high yield potential and is reduced in areas of low yield potential or high risk of N loss.

Nitrogen fertilizer is indispensable in agricultural production and plays a crucial role in improving crop yields. nitrogen loss from soil is inevitable due to various factors. The following are the key pathways of nitrogen fertilizer loss:

1. Surface Runoff and Leaching Losses: When rainwater washes over farmland, nitrogen fertilizers dissolve and flow into deeper soil layers, leading to leaching. Additionally, waste materials such as fertilizer packaging bags may enter the soil via surface runoff, exacerbating nitrogen loss.

2. Groundwater Contamination: Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers can increase nitrate concentrations in groundwater, compromising water quality. Long-term consumption of groundwater with high nitrate levels poses health risks to humans.

3. Microbial Transformation: Microorganisms like nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia in the soil into nitrates, reducing the availability of nitrogen. This biological process decreases soil nitrogen content, contributing to its loss.

4. Chemical Immobilization: Soil organic matter and minerals react with nitrogen to form stable compounds, reducing nitrogen availability. This chemical immobilization lowers soil nitrogen content, further driving its loss.

5. Low Plant Uptake Efficiency: Even though nitrogen fertilizers boost crop yields, inefficient absorption by plants leaves residual nitrogen in the soil, resulting in losses.

6. Irrational Fertilization: Overapplication of nitrogen fertilizers leads to excessive soil nitrogen, inhibiting the uptake of other nutrients and reducing crop yields. Poor fertilization practices also lower nitrogen use efficiency, worsening losses.

Measures to Reduce Nitrogen Loss

1. Rational Fertilization: Adjust nitrogen application based on crop needs and soil conditions to avoid excess use. Employ scientific methods like deep placement or stratted application to improve efficiency.

2. Protect Surface Water: Clean up fertilizer packaging before rainy seasons to prevent runoff-induced losses. Enhance farm drainage systems to reduce leaching risks.

3. Preserve Groundwater: Adopt water-saving irrigation techniques to minimize groundwater extraction. Strengthen groundwater monitoring to ensure safety.

4. Bioremediation: Leverage microorganisms to degrade or transform nitrogen. For example, inoculating soil with nitrogen-fixing bacteria can enhance nitrogen utilization.

5. Optimize Organic Fertilizer Use: Organic fertilizers improve soil structure and fertility while fostering beneficial microbes that aid nitrogen cycling. Increasing their usage reduces reliance on synthetic nitrogen.

6. Scientific Application Methods: Techniques like deep placement and timed applications boost efficiency. Tailor nitrogen doses and timing to crop growth stages for precision management.

Reducing nitrogen loss requires a comprehensive approach. By combining rational fertilization, environmental protection, bioremediation, organic amendments, and advanced application techniques, agricultural productivity can be enhanced while minimizing ecological impacts.