1、Phosphorus dynamics and sustainable agriculture: The role of microbial

Utilizing PSMs can decrease the need for chemical P fertilizers, as the development of microbial inoculants lowers agricultural costs and environmental impact. PSMs maintain soil health by improving nutrient cycling and increasing soil microbial diversity.

2、Sources and Solubilization of Phosphatic Fertilizers

Adequate phosphorus increases plant water use efficiency, improves nitrogen and other nutrients efficiency, raises plant disease resistance and plant tolerance to abiotic stresses (Amanullah et al. 2019; Brett 2017).

3、The Role of Phosphate

To address the issue of phosphorus limitation in agricultural and forestry production and to identify green and economical alternatives to chemical phosphorus fertilizers, this paper reviews the utilization of phosphorus in plant–soil systems and ...

4、Microbial Phosphorus Solubilization and Its Potential for Use in

The inoculation of soil or crop with phosphate solubilizing/mineralizing microorganisms is therefore a promising strategy for the improvement of plant absorption of phosphorus and thereby reducing the use of chemical fertilizers that have a negative impact on the environment (Alori et al., 2012).

5、(PDF) PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS

Abstract Phosphorus when burns gives P2O5 and with water, it forms HPO3 (Metapohosphoric acid) and H3PO4 (orthophosphoric acid) P2O5 + H2O=2 HPO3; HPO3 + H2O = H3PO4.

Phosphate solubilization by microorganisms: Overview, mechanisms

This chapter presents an overview of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, different mechanisms used by microorganisms to solubilize insoluble phosphate, and finally applications of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms.

Phosphorus Solubilization: Mechanisms, Recent Advancement and Future

PSMs use several mechanisms for solubilization and mineralization of inorganic and organic phosphates such as organic acid production, chelation, siderophore production, and excretion of phosphatase and phytase enzymes.

Prospects for Using Phosphate

We discuss key mechanisms of solubilization of mineral phosphates and mineralization of organic phosphate-containing compounds: organic acids secreted by bacteria for the mobilization of insoluble inorganic phosphates, and the enzymes hydrolyzing phosphorus-containing organic compounds.

The Role of Phosphate

To overcome phosphorus deficiency, chemical phosphorus fertilizers are applied, but their utilization rate within the same season is extremely low, less than 30% [4, 5], leading to their frequent overuse.

Sources and Solubilization of Phosphatic Fertilizers

The quantity of soluble mineral phosphorus in soil is usually low, and even when P fertilizers are added, phosphorus has a tendency to become less soluble. There are three main kinds of...

The Roles of Less Soluble Phosphorus in Phosphate Fertilizers

Phosphate fertilizers, as an indispensable component of agricultural production, play a critical role in crop growth, yield, and quality. Among various types of phosphate fertilizers, less soluble phosphorus (LSP) holds an irreplaceable position due to its unique chemical properties and biological functions. Below is a detailed explanation of the roles of LSP in phosphate fertilizers.

1. Promoting Plant Growth

   • LSP is an essential nutrient element for plants, particularly during the seedling stage. Since LSP cannot be directly absorbed by plants, it must undergo a series of complex metabolic processes within the plant to convert into a usable form.
   • During plant growth, LSP provides energy and nutrients to maintain normal physiological functions, promotes cell division and elongation, thereby accelerating growth rates.
   • LSP also enhances a plant’s resistance to pests and diseases, improves stress tolerance, and enables better survival and development in adverse environments.

2. Enhancing Crop Yield

   • Improving crop yield is a primary concern for farmers. As a highly efficient phosphate fertilizer, LSP significantly boosts yields by replenishing soil phosphorus to meet crop demands.
   • Research shows that applying LSP fertilizers increases dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic efficiency, leading to higher yields. Additionally, LSP improves crop quality, such as increasing fruit sugar content, taste, and nutritional value.
   • LSP also promotes root system development, enhancing water and nutrient absorption capacity, which further improves overall yield and economic benefits.

3. Facilitating Soil Nutrient Cycling

   • Due to its low solubility, LSP remains in soil for extended periods, providing sustained nutrient supply to plants.
   • After entering the soil, LSP interacts with other nutrients to form compounds that improve soil structure and properties. These compounds enhance water retention and aeration, benefiting root growth.
   • LSP also stimulates soil microbial activity, increases organic matter content, and improves soil physicochemical and biological properties. This aids nutrient cycling, allowing plants to absorb soil nutrients more efficiently.

4. Regulating Plant Nutrient Uptake

   • As a slow-release fertilizer, LSP provides prolonged nutrient release, ensuring stable phosphorus supply and preventing imbalances caused by deficiencies or excesses.
   • During growth, LSP interacts with other nutrients, influencing their absorption. For example, it enhances nitrogen uptake efficiency while preventing excessive potassium absorption.
   • LSP also regulates micronutrient absorption, such as improving iron and zinc uptake, maintaining internal nutrient balance, and promoting healthy growth.

5. Improving Soil Structure

   • Soil structure directly impacts crop quality and yield. LSP acts as a soil amendment by increasing organic matter, enhancing water retention, and improving permeability. This creates looser, more fertile, and aerated soil.
   • LSP promotes beneficial microbial proliferation, which decomposes organic matter and produces metabolites that enrich soil fertility.
   • Additionally, LSP strengthens soil erosion resistance and stability, reducing environmental impacts and supporting long-term sustainability.

6. Reducing Environmental Pollution

   • LSP minimizes pollution risks associated with fertilizers. Its low solubility prevents runoff into water bodies or groundwater, reducing environmental contamination. It also lowers greenhouse gas emissions.
   • LSP encourages practices like crop straw recycling and organic fertilizer use, which enhance soil organic matter, reduce synthetic fertilizer reliance, and alleviate environmental pressure.

7. Boosting Resource Efficiency

   • Rational resource use is key to agricultural efficiency. LSP improves phosphorus utilization by reducing loss through soil adsorption and fixation during its conversion to usable forms.
   • LSP also enhances uptake of nitrogen, potassium, and other nutrients, maximizing resource efficiency and lowering production costs.

8. Promoting Ecological Balance

   • LSP supports sustainable agriculture by reducing ecological damage. Its low solubility minimizes water and air pollution, while its interaction with soil microbes restores soil ecosystem health.
   • LSP fosters biodiversity and stability in farmland ecosystems, strengthening species interdependence and resilience against disturbances. This ensures healthy ecosystems and long-term agricultural sustainability.

LSP plays multifaceted roles in agriculture, including promoting growth, enhancing yields, improving soil health, regulating nutrient absorption, reducing pollution, boosting resource efficiency, and sustaining ecological balance. Rational application of LSP fertilizers is crucial for safeguarding food security and improving agricultural productivity in China.