1、Improving cotton productivity and nitrogen use efficiency through late

We hypothesized that under the lower fertilization regime of 240 kg N ha -1, adjusting the proportion of N fertilizer in the early and late growth stages can not only optimize the canopy structure and improve the root-shoot relationship but also delay plant senescence and maintain high yield.

2、The use of foliar fertilizers in late cotton

To address these problems during the middle and later stages of cotton growth, using foliar fertilizers is an effective solution. These products provide essential nutrients directly to the leaves, helping to improve plant health and reduce losses.

3、Foliar Fertilization in Cotton

To overcome problems with Phosphorus absorption can limit P-absorption rates. Foliar spraying of cotton plants with P-containing compounds can partially solve the problem of P in availability in the root zone and compensate P shortage in the plant tissues. Seed cotton yield increases as the number of P sprays increases at two nitrogen levels (

4、Effect of potassium fertilization and foliar application of water

Abstract In the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, cotton yields suffer due to inadequate agronomic practices, especially regarding fertilization. Focusing on critical stages such as squaring, blooming and boll development, foliar potassium application presents an opportunity to bolster nutrient supply and potentially increase yields.

Research Progress on Foliar Fertilizer of Cotton

Foliar fertilization of cotton could solve the problem of insufficient nutrient absorption caused by root activity decreased later. It could also increase production to improve cotton quality. This paper analyzed the problem that could be solved in cotton production by foliar fertilizer.

Foliar Fertilization of Cotton

Foliar application of specific nutrients is a method used to improve the efficiency of fertilizer use and increase yields. The increased use of foliar fertilizers in cotton production in the last decade is due in part to changes in production philosophy.

Biofertilizer application improved cotton growth, nitrogen use

These favorable conditions contribute to the production of high-quality cotton, making Xinjiang the region with the highest cotton cultivation concentration in China (Yang et al., 2020, Ma et al., 2023).

Foliar Fertilizer Applications for Cotton

Foliar feeding micronutrients is effective, but deficiencies should be addressed prior to bloom. Indeed, liquid applications (including by pivot) of micros are more effective than granular applications because of the small amounts applied.

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Yield and economic advantages have been realized by timely foliar applications of K to supplement soil-applied K and to correct K deficiencies (Coker and Oosterhuis, 2000; Weir, 1999). Currently...

Fertilizer Role in Sustainable Cotton Production

Foliar application of nitrogen late in the season at the rate of 8 to 10 kg N/ha has been found useful in correcting nitrogen deficiencies and increasing seed cotton yield.

Selecting appropriate foliar fertilizers is critical during the late growth stages of cotton, as these nutrients are directly absorbed through leaves, enhancing uptake efficiency and promoting plant development. Below are commonly used foliar fertilizers and application recommendations:

I. Nitrogen-Based Fertilizers

1. Urea

   • Advantages: Fastest-acting nitrogen source; rapidly absorbed to promote cotton growth, increasing leaf size and quantity.
   • Disadvantages: Excessive use may lead to nitrogen toxicity or nutrient imbalances in soil.
   • Application: Apply as base or topdressing fertilizer during early growth or peak development phases. Avoid overapplication.

2. Ammonium Nitrate

   • Advantages: More significant yield improvement compared to urea; longer-lasting effects.
   • Disadvantages: Prone to volatilization; requires careful dosage control.
   • Application: Suitable for base or topdressing, but monitor for volatilization losses.

3. Nitrosulfur-Coated Compound Fertilizer

   • Advantages: Provides balanced nutrients (N, P, S) for diverse growth stages.
   • Disadvantages: Higher cost; requires soil- and stage-specific formulation.
   • Application: Apply as base or topdressing fertilizer tailored to cotton’s nutritional needs.

II. Phosphorus-Based Fertilizers

1. Superphosphate

   • Advantages: Strengthens root systems, enhances disease resistance, and improves fiber quality.
   • Disadvantages: Low water solubility; pair with other fertilizers for better absorption.
   • Application: Ideal as base or topdressing fertilizer, especially when combined with organic matter.

2. Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate

   • Advantages: Rapidly replenishes phosphorus and potassium; boosts flowering and fruiting.
   • Disadvantages: Expensive; excessive use may acidify soil.
   • Application: Apply during flowering stages for optimal results.

III. Potassium-Based Fertilizers

1. Potassium Sulfate

   • Advantages: Enhances drought/frost resistance and overall stress tolerance.
   • Disadvantages: High solubility; overuse may disrupt osmotic balance.
   • Application: Effective as base or topdressing, particularly in arid conditions.

2. Potassium Chloride

   • Advantages: High-efficiency potassium source; rapid nutrient delivery.
   • Disadvantages: Expensive; excessive use may increase soil salinity.
   • Application: Apply during peak growth and pre-harvest to improve yield and quality.

IV. Micronutrient Fertilizers

1. Boron

   • Advantages: Supports root development and disease resistance.
   • Disadvantages: Low solubility; combine with other fertilizers for efficacy.
   • Application: Apply during peak growth and flowering stages.

2. Molybdenum

   • Advantages: Boosts photosynthesis, respiration, and disease resistance.
   • Disadvantages: Low solubility; requires mixed application.
   • Application: Use during vegetative and flowering phases.

V. Key Considerations

1. Dosage and Timing: Adjust rates based on growth stages (e.g., focus on early growth and peak periods).
2. Application Method: Spray evenly on leaves, avoiding direct root contact. Maintain safe distance to prevent leaf burn. Avoid extreme weather (heat, wind) during application.
3. Soil Analysis: Tailor fertilizers to local soil conditions and cotton varieties.
4. Safety: Use certified products; avoid skin/eye contact. Rinse immediately if exposed.
5. Environmental Impact: Minimize overuse to prevent soil contamination. Prioritize eco-friendly formulations.
6. Synergistic Use: Combine foliar fertilizers with organic matter or pesticides cautiously to avoid interactions.
7. Monitoring: Regularly assess plant health and soil nutrients; adjust strategies as needed.
8. Pest Management: Integrate fertilization with integrated pest management (IPM) practices.
9. Cost Efficiency: Balance fertilizer costs, application expenses, and yield benefits.
10. Regulatory Compliance: Use legally approved products and follow industry standards.

In practice, adapt strategies to factors like soil type, cotton variety, and climate. Prioritize sustainable practices to ensure ecological balance and resource efficiency.