1、Controlled release fertilizer: A review on developments, applications

As a solution, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) are discovered where nutrients can be released in a timely and gradually manner, which attempt to coincide and match with the specific nutrient demand during plant growth.

2、Controlled Release Fertilizers: Trends and Technologies

As compared to conventional fertilizer,the gradual release of nutrient release from CRFs may better coincide withplant needs, minimize leaching and improve fertilizer use efficiency.

3、Controlled

CRF not only prevents nutrient loss but also ensures a customized nutrient release pattern that aligns with plant physiological and biochemical processes. Despite these advantages, CRF has yet to find extensive adoption in the commercial agricultural practices.

4、(PDF) Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) for climate

To mitigate environmental issues and improve the longevity of fertilizer in soil, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) have been developed.

Materials for Sustained and Controlled Release of Nutrients and

Controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) are a branch of materials that are designed to improve the soil release kinetics of chemical fertilizers to address problems stemming losses from runoff or other factors.

Controlled Release Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture

These nutrients are lost via leaching,volatilization, or nitrification. Controlled release fertilizers (CRF) can be used to alleviate the problems created due to these losses as they are...

Controlled Release Fertilizers: A Review on Coating Materials and

With existing challenges on low nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of urea and its environmental concerns, controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) have become a potential solution by formulating them to synchronize nutrient release according to the requirement of plants.

Biochar

Biochar-based controlled-release fertilizers (BCRFs) have emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges. This paper reviews BCRF production methods, nutrient retention mechanisms, and effects on plant growth and the environment compared with conventional fertilizers.

Optimizing Fertilizer Management Based on Controlled

The application of controlled-release fertilizer was an effective measure to improve the fertilizers utilization, increase yield, and reduce environmental pollution.

Advances in Controlled Release Fertilizers: Cost

In this review, we present the most recent research on the development of CRF in an effort to highlight the most promising approaches and materials that may be exploited to coat fertilizers and achieve controlled release.

Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) are highly efficient agricultural inputs designed to release nutrients gradually through specialized coatings or slow-release technologies. This ensures a steady supply of nutrients to plants, which is particularly critical in challenging environments like Yushu. Below are guidelines for effectively using CRFs and optimizing fertilization practices in this unique region:

I. Understanding the Characteristics of CRFs

1. Slow-Release Properties: CRFs contain essential microelements and nutrients encapsulated in a dissolvable membrane, which delays nutrient release. This ensures consistent feeding for plants, especially in water-scarce conditions.

2. Targeted Formulation: CRFs are tailored for specific crops, offering balanced nutrient ratios (e.g., high nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium) to support growth stages from germination to maturity.

3. Environmental Friendliness: Unlike conventional fertilizers, CRFs minimize nutrient runoff and soil pollution by releasing nutrients slowly, promoting soil health and sustainability.

II. Selecting CRFs Suitable for Yushu’s Environment

1. Adaptation to Plateau Climate: Yushu’s high-altitude climate demands CRFs formulated for low-oxygen and variable weather conditions. Choose products optimized for plateau ecosystems to ensure nutrient efficacy.

2. Nutrient Composition: Prioritize CRFs with adequate nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) levels, aligned with local crop requirements. Additionally, include microelements like iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) to address potential deficiencies.

3. Stress Resistance: Opt for CRFs engineered to withstand drought, frost, and other extreme conditions, ensuring stable nutrient release under adversity.

III. Fertilization Methods and Techniques

1. Base Fertilization: Apply CRFs as base fertilizer before planting. Their extended efficacy (often lasting several months) allows crops to access nutrients continuously throughout the growing season. Work the fertilizer evenly into the soil.

2. Supplemental Top-Dressing: For additional nutrition, use foliar spraying or drip irrigation to apply CRFs. These methods reduce water waste and enhance absorption efficiency in arid conditions.

3. Key Considerations:

   • Avoid overapplication to prevent soil salinization or nutrient toxicity.
   • Coordinate with other fertilizers to avoid nutrient antagonism (e.g., calcium vs. phosphorus).
   • Adjust application rates and timing based on crop phenology and soil tests.

IV. Integrated Management and Continuous Improvement

1. Soil Testing: Regularly analyze soil nutrient levels, pH, and microbial activity to refine CRF usage and identify deficiencies.

2. Environmental Monitoring: Track Yushu’s climate patterns (temperature, precipitation, humidity) to adapt fertilization schedules and mitigate risks from frost or drought.

3. Iterative Optimization: Use field trials and farmer feedback to refine CRF formulations, application techniques, and crop-specific protocols for long-term sustainability.

CRFs can significantly benefit Yushu’s agriculture when paired with scientific application methods. success depends on context-specific adjustments, including altitude-related environmental factors, soil conditions, and crop types. Ongoing experimentation and localized research are essential to maximize their potential.