1、Long

We investigated the long term effects of K application on K use and soil status. K increased grain yield, but this effect decreased with excessive application. Returned straw, deep soil K utilization, weathering soil K pools may alleviate soil K deficits.

2、The effects of potassium fertilization on water‐use efficiency in crop plants

The main objective of this conceptual review is to confirm that adequate K management can be used as an important tool to alleviate the negative effects of water deficit on plant growth, yield-component formation, and yield.

3、Managing nutrients to mitigate soil pollution

With appropriate nutrient stewardship, such inputs contribute to soil health and prevent soil degradation. When mismanaged and applied inappropriately, either mineral or organic sources of nutrients can become pollutants both in soils and in water and air.

A review of the fate of potassium in the soil–plant system after land application of wastewaters

Disposal of high potassium wastewater in soil with a low content of selective adsorbing minerals will create very high concentrations of potassium in solution with potential effects on soil structure and potassium mobility.

Potassium in agriculture – Status and perspectives

In this review we summarize factors determining the plant availability of soil potassium (K), the role of K in crop yield formation and product quality, and the dependence of crop stress resistance on K nutrition. Average soil reserves of K are generally large, but most of it is not plant-available.

Bacteria and fungi can contribute to nutrients bioavailability and aggregate formation in degraded soils

In this context, microbes (i.e., bacteria and fungi) naturally occurring in soil or supplied as bio-fertilizers, could represent a promising approach to increase nutrients bioavailability and improve soil structure.

Fertilizer Management Strategies for Sustainable Rice Production

A long-term application of fertilizers along with manures helps to bring soil pH toward neutral, increasing soil organic carbon content, macro- and micronutrients availability, and improved soil physical properties, for example, structure, texture, and tilth leading to sustenance of soil fertility.

Effects of fertilization on crop production and nutrient

Based on the study results, a balanced nutrient application using NPK fertilization is a key management strategy for enhancing rice-rapeseed productivity and environmental safety. Agriculture...

Potassium fertilization: paradox or K management dilemma?

We believe that measurement of Exch-K is an essential and valuable tool and its use should be continued, along with improvements in recommending K fertilizer application.

Potassium for Sustainable Agriculture

As K has strong interaction with clay minerals, therefore it is intensely recommended to apply K fertilizers based on soil mineralogy and K dynamics in the soil.

When potassium fertilizer levels are excessively high, it typically means that the soil’s potassium content exceeds the requirements for healthy plant growth. Excess potassium can inhibit the absorption and utilization of essential nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to stunted plant development. To address this issue and promote robust plant growth, the following strategies can help reduce soil potassium concentrations:

1. Apply Organic Fertilizers: Organic materials such as farm manure, animal compost, or bio-fertilizers improve soil structure, enhance water retention, and boost aeration. Microorganisms in these organic inputs break down potassium ions into plant-available forms, balancing nutrient uptake.

2. Adjust Fertilization Practices: Avoid heavy, single-dose potassium applications. Instead, split potassium fertilizer into smaller, controlled doses to minimize soil concentration spikes. Additionally, practices like deep soil tilling or mulching crop residues can reduce potassium leaching while retaining soil moisture.

3. Grow Green Manure Crops: Legumes like Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) naturally fix nitrogen and release soil-bound potassium. These crops improve soil structure, aeration, and water-holding capacity while moderizing potassium levels.

4. Use Lime Applications: Lime, an alkaline substance, reacts with soil acids to form calcium compounds, reducing potassium solubility. caution is required, as lime may alter soil pH, potentially affecting other nutrients.

5. Irrigation Management: Soil moisture influences potassium solubility and plant uptake. For instance, drought conditions may prioritize potassium absorption over nitrogen and phosphorus. Strategic irrigation can optimize moisture levels to moderate potassium availability.

6. Select Potassium-Tolerant Varieties: Some plant species or breeds thrive in high-potassium environments. Prioritizing these resilient varieties enhances soil utilization efficiency without compromising yields.

7. Soil Amelioration Techniques: Practices like deep loosening, rotary tillage, and organic matter supplementation improve soil aeration and water retention, reducing potassium runoff while stabilizing nutrient balance.

mitigating excess soil potassium requires a combination of approaches: organic fertilization, refined fertilization schedules, green manuring, targeted liming, irrigation control, cultivar selection, and soil enhancement. These measures harmonize nutrient dynamics, ensuring plants efficiently absorb potassium while minimizing growth inhibition from imbalanced soil chemistry.