1、Soil and fertilizer phosphorus in relation to crop nutrition

With the opportunity to use inorganic P fertilizers and organic manures to minimize the risk of soil P deficiency limiting crop growth, there exists the possibility of increasing crop yields to improve food security for an increasing world population. This chapter is divided into seven sections.

2、Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers for the stabilization of cadmium in highly contaminated soils

The efficiency of three phosphate fertilizers including triple superphosphate (TSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and phosphate rock (PR) as stabilizing agents of cadmium-contaminated soils has been assessed in this study.

3、Does long contact with the soil improve the efficiency of rock phosphate? Results of isotopic studies

The efficiency of P from rock phosphate was not increased by application long before sowing the crop. From practical viewpoint it is important to apply P fertilizer as near as possible to the time of planting in order to reduce the negative effects of P fixation by the soil.

Opportunities for improving phosphorus

The largest yield benefits of improved PUE are expected for crops growing in soils that have very low P content and where little or no P fertilizer is applied. The largest savings in P fertilizer are expected on productive land where conditions for crop growth are near optimal.

Phosphate Fertilizers for Sugarcane Used at Pre

Phosphate applications are still rare in sugarcane cultivation and can be done with phosphorus fertilizers of residual over. This study aims to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilization before sugarcane planting and its effect on sugarcane yield.

Addition of Low

The tests confirmed that it is possible to use this raw phosphate rock as fertilizer for plant growth in a simple process. Different soil and plant parameters were measured. Data on pot experiment revealed higher plant growth is in PR amended soil than normal soil.

Cadmium and zinc in soil solution extracts following the application of phosphate fertilizers

This study investigated the solubility of cadmium and zinc in soils after the application of phosphate fertilizers containing those two metals. The solubility of cadmium and zinc was assessed by measuring their concentration in soil water extracts.

Sustainable use of phosphorus: A finite resource

In industrial countries, the increase of demand for fertilizer came to a temporary decline in the midst of the 1970s, then kept to a plateau, and reached a lower plateau after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Soil phosphate chemistry and the P

The best solution to the supposed phosphate problem is to apply phosphate rationally taking due regard of the phosphate-sparing effect of previous applications.

Phosphite (phosphorous acid): Fungicide, fertilizer or bio

Most of the studies in his review were carried out under field conditions and all results showed that soil or foliar application of Phi fertilizer consistently improved the yield and quality of many crops, such as celery, onion, potatoes, peaches, orange and cotton.

Cotton is one of the world's most important cash crops, playing a pivotal role in the global textile and apparel industries. To ensure its healthy growth, rational fertilization management is essential. Whether to apply phosphate fertilizer in mid-June is a question worth exploring. Below is an analysis and recommendation from multiple perspectives:

I. Cotton Growth Cycle and Fertilization Requirements

1. Cotton’s Nutrient Needs

• Nitrogen Fertilizer: Promotes leaf growth, enhances photosynthetic efficiency, and strengthens plant health.
• Phosphate Fertilizer: Stimulates root development, improves disease resistance, and enhances fruit quality.
• Potassium Fertilizer: Regulates water balance in plants and increases fiber strength.
• Micronutrients: Such as iron, zinc, etc., which participate in various biochemical reactions and are vital for plant growth.

2. Growth Stages of Cotton

• Seedling Stage: Requires abundant nitrogen to support rapid growth.
• Flowering Stage: Nitrogen should be applied in moderation to avoid impacting pollination.
• Maturity Stage: Phosphate is needed to improve fiber strength, while potassium helps regulate the plant’s acid-base balance.

3. Optimal Timing for Fertilization

• Early Fertilization: Accelerates cotton growth but avoids high-temperature periods to prevent root burn.
• Mid-Growth Fertilization: Supports steady development and reduces nutrient loss.
• Late Fertilization: Ensures adequate nutrients for late-stage growth.

II. Climatic Conditions in Mid-June and Fertilization Timing

1. Climate in Mid-June

• Temperature: Generally suitable for fertilization, with less risk of root burn due to high temperatures.
• Humidity: Higher humidity aids fertilizer dissolution and absorption.
• Wind Speed: Moderate wind facilitates even distribution of fertilizers.

2. Choosing the Right Time

• Avoid Heat: Apply fertilizer in the morning or evening to reduce evaporation.
• Soil Moisture: Fertilize when soil is moist for better absorption.
• Rainfall Consideration: Do not fertilize immediately after rain to prevent nutrient loss.

III. Application of Phosphate Fertilizer in Cotton Growth

1. Mechanism of Phosphate Fertilizer

• Root Development: Stimulates deep root growth, improving soil water retention and oxygenation.
• Disease Resistance: Enhances plant immunity against pathogens.
• Fiber Quality: Improves cotton fiber strength and durability.

2. Application Methods

• Deep Placement: Bury phosphate fertilizer in deeper soil layers for slow-release nutrition.
• Mixed Application: Combine with other fertilizers to boost efficiency.
• Dibbling: Apply near roots in small holes for direct absorption.

IV. Controlling and Adjusting Fertilization Rates

1. Determining Fertilization Rates

• Soil Fertility: Low-fertility soils require higher phosphate doses.
• Cotton Varieties: Different varieties have varying phosphate needs.
• Plant Monitoring: Adjust rates based on growth observations.

2. Rate Adjustments

• Split Application: Reduces soil salinity risks from single applications.
• Dynamic Adjustment: Modify rates according to plant and soil conditions.
• Balanced Ratios: Maintain proper N-P-K ratios to avoid over-fertilization.

V. Post-Fertilization Management and Monitoring

1. Soil Management After Fertilization

• Timely Irrigation: Aids fertilizer absorption and dissolution.
• Soil Aeration: Loosen soil to improve root respiration and nutrient uptake.
• Drainage: Ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogging and root diseases.

2. Pest and Disease Control

• Prevention First: Strengthen field management to reduce pest/disease risks.
• Prompt Action: Address outbreaks quickly using appropriate measures.
• Biological Control: Use natural predators or microbial agents for eco-friendly pest management.

Applying phosphate fertilizer in mid-June can benefit cotton growth, but strategies must be flexible. Before fertilization, understand cotton’s growth cycle and nutrient needs, choose optimal timing, and control application rates and methods. Post-fertilization, prioritize soil management and pest control to ensure healthy cotton development.