1、Winter wheat grain yield associated with precipitation distribution under long

These data indicate that N fertilization and FSP are the major factors in wheat production and its stability and that optimum N fertilization rates may be recommended based on FSP in the rain-fed winter wheat cropping system of the Loess Plateau.

2、Optimizing the yield of winter wheat by regulating water consumption during vegetative and reproductive stages under limited water supply

This study showed that under rain-fed conditions, grain yield of winter wheat was significantly related to rainfall and biomass production before heading and to ET after heading.

3、A modelling approach to evaluate the long

After validation, the modelled yield and water use (WU) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from two soil textures (silt loam and clay) under rain-fed condition were analyzed.

Water Consumption Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat under Long

Using data collected over three consecutive years, commencing five years after the experiment began, the effects of N fertilization on wheat yield, evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE, i.e. the ratio of grain yield to total ET in the crop growing season) were examined.

Cropping and Fertilizing Wheat and Barley in the Camas Prairie

Abstract Wheat and barley grown every year with proper fertilization yielded as well as or better than when grown after fallow without fertilizer. Successful annual cropping requires: (1) selecting normal medium-textured (not droughty) soils, (2) controlling weeds, and (3) applying adequate nitrogen and sulfur.

Rain

The effect of rain on threshing-ready standing and windrowed hard red spring wheat grain yeild and quality was evaluated. A goal was to develop the capability to forecast the extent of expected loss of grain yield and quality from specific climatic events that delay threshing.

Sustainable wheat production system under the influence of different fertilizers and climatic conditions

ABSTRACT The yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains are largely influenced by genotype, fertilization and climatic conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different fertilization treatments on grain yield, hectoliter weight and 1000-grain weight in four wheat genotypes during two growing seasons.

Irrigation and fertilizer effects on water use and yield of spring wheat in semi

Owing to irrigation water shortage after sowing, the growth of spring wheat mainly depends on soil water storage but on irrigation water supply from trifoliate stage to mature period.

Nitrogen Fertilization and Overirrigation of Spring and Winter Wheat

Although irrigation may be necessary for emergence under extreme drought conditions, Salter and Goode (2) found that water applied before emergence reduced grain yield.

Contribution of cultivar, fertilizer and weather to yield variation of winter wheat over three decades: A case study in the North China Plain

The simulated results show that the yield of winter wheat was decreased by 5.3% during 1990s and by 9.2% during the recent 12 seasons, compared with that during 1980s, under the scenario that the yield of winter wheat was solely affected by weather.

Wheat is one of the world's most important food crops, playing a critical role in soil health and agricultural sustainability. Fertilization is a key practice for improving wheat yield and quality, and selecting the optimal timing directly impacts nutrient uptake efficiency and crop growth. Below, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of fertilizing before versus after rain, along with guidance on how to choose based on specific conditions.

I. Timing of Fertilization

1. Fertilizing Before Rain

• Advantages: Applying fertilizer before rain ensures that nutrients are absorbed by crops. Rainwater washes surface residues into the soil, enhancing fertilizer utilization. Additionally, pre-rain fertilization reduces soil salinity buildup caused by excessive fertilizing.
• Disadvantages: Heavy rainfall may lead to nutrient runoff, reducing efficiency. Excessive rain can also damage roots, negatively impacting crop health.

2. Fertilizing After Rain

• Advantages: Post-rain fertilization minimizes nutrient loss from runoff, improving efficiency. Rain also rehydrates the soil quickly, promoting root growth.
• Disadvantages: Immediate post-rain fertilization may increase crop sensitivity to certain nutrients, stunting growth. Over-fertilization risks soil salinity accumulation.

II. Fertilization Methods

1. Base Fertilizer

• Advantages: Applied before planting, base fertilizer supplies essential nutrients for the entire growth cycle. Its composition depends on soil type: sandy soils benefit from organic fertilizers, while clayey soils may require nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium.
• Disadvantages: Timing and application methods must align with crop needs. Poorly timed base fertilization reduces nutrient absorption.

2. Topdressing (Supplementary Fertilization)

• Advantages: Targeted fertilization during growth stages optimizes nutrient intake, boosting yield and quality while reducing synthetic fertilizer use.
• Disadvantages: Timing and dosage are critical. Improper topdressing can hinder growth or reduce yields, requiring tailored plans based on crop demands and soil conditions.

III. Comprehensive Considerations

When deciding on fertilization timing and methods, consider:

• Soil Type: Different soils (e.g., sandy vs. clayey) demand tailored fertilizers.
• Weather: Rainfall patterns significantly affect outcomes; adjust plans accordingly.
• Crop Needs: Nutritional requirements vary by species and growth stage.
• Cost: Balance effectiveness with economic practicality.

choosing between pre-rain and post-rain fertilization, or selecting base/topdressing, requires evaluating soil, climate, crops, and costs. Scientific management maximizes wheat productivity and sustainability.

Key Terms: Fertilizer use efficiency, soil salinity, nutrient runoff, root health, sustainable agriculture.