1、Effects of homobrassinolide application on plant metabolism and grain yield under irrigated and moisture

Homobrassinolide (BR) was applied either as a seed treatment or foliar spray to two contrasting wheat varieties, viz. C306 (drought tolerant) and HD2329 (drought susceptible), to examine its effects on plant metabolism and grain yield under irrigated and moisture-stress/rainfed conditions.

2、24

However, some other studies have witnesses that foliar application of EBL did not improve grain yield of hexaploid wheat when applied at 41-days old wheat seedlings (Shahbaz and Ashraf, 2008).

3、Spraying exogenous 6

In this study, 6-benzyladenine (BA) and brassinolide (BR) were separately sprayed at tasseling to regulate kernel endosperm cell division, and EDAH (a mixture of ethephon and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate) was foliar applied at the jointing stage to enhance lodging resistance.

4、The physiological and molecular mechanism of brassinosteroid in response to stress: a review

Brassinosteroids (BR) are a group of plant steroid hormones that were first isolated from Brassica pollen about 40 years ago. Around 60 related compounds have been identified [1, 2, 3], however, brassinolide, 24-epibrassinolide, and 28-homobrassinolide are the most bioactive BR.

5、Phenological traits of wheat response to different levels of humic acid and brassinolide

Humic acid was applied at time of sowing while brassinolide was applied at start of tillering stage as a foliar spray. Before sowing the field was prepare and was ploughed with normal cultivator.

Q&A: what are brassinosteroids and how do they act in plants?

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of polyhydroxylated steroidal phytohormones in plants with similar structures to animals’ steroid hormones. Brassinosteroids regulate a wide range of physiological processes including plant growth, development and immunity.

Endogenous brassinosteroids in wheat treated with 24

Three important brassinosteroids, 24-epibrassinolide, brassinolide and castasterone, were detected in the wheat leaves, but their contents varied with leaf insertion and plant age.

Brassinosteroid action in flowering plants: a Darwinian perspective

Since brassinosteroids induce pathogen resistance in rice plants and hence can suppress rice blast- and bacterial blight-diseases, genetic manipulation of BR-biosynthesis or -perception may be a means to increase crop production.

ROLE OF BRASSINOLIDE IN ALLEVIATING THE ADVERSE EFFECT OF DROUGHT STRESS ON PHYSIOLOGY, GROWTH AND YIELD OF GREEN GRAM (VIGNA RADIATA L.) GENOTYPES

A pot experiment was conducted to study the modulation effect of brassinolide under water stress and drought condition on physiology, growth and yield of green gram under normal condition till anthesis stage, the plants were sprayed with Brassinolide (0.0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm) concentration at 25 and 35 DAS prior to imposed stress.

Study on the effects of foliar spray of micronutrient on yield and yield components of durum wheat

Analysis of variance showed that spraying time was significant only for test weight at 5% level. However, fertilizer effects were significant for most of studied traits.

Brassinolide is a plant growth regulator primarily used to promote plant growth, increase yields, and improve quality. For wheat, spraying brassinolide effectively enhances stress resistance, promotes tillering and spike development, and ultimately boosts productivity. Below is a detailed guide on the optimal timing, methods, and technical requirements for applying brassinolide to wheat:

I. Optimal Timing

1. Seed Treatment Before Sowing: Mix brassinolide with water and apply it to the seed surface before sowing to improve germination rates and seedling disease resistance. This method is suitable for wheat fields about to be sown or recently sown but not yet emerged.

2. Early Growth Stage (Root Establishment): Apply brassinolide shortly after sowing, when seedlings begin to emerge. This is ideal for young wheat plants that have sprouted but lack established roots.

3. Tillering Stage: Spray during tillering to promote tiller development and spike formation. This applies to wheat fields with established root systems.

4. Heading Stage: Use brassinolide during heading to enhance stress resistance, prevent lodging, and reduce disease risks. Suitable for mature wheat fields.

5. Pre-Harvest Stage: Apply brassinolide before harvesting to improve yield and grain quality. Designed for wheat fields ready for harvest.

II. Methods and Technical Requirements

1. Dilution Ratio: Dilute brassinolide with water according to product guidelines and field needs, typically at a ratio of 1:100 to 1:200.

2. Spraying Equipment: Use specialized sprayers or manual spray bottles. Ensure nozzles are clean and free of blockages.

3. Coverage Area: Target the spray around wheat plants, extending outward based on growth stage and field management requirements.

4. Uniform Application: Ensure all plants are evenly covered without omissions or overlaps. Avoid direct contact with leaves or stems to prevent scorching.

5. Key Precautions:

   • Monitor wheat growth and field conditions; adjust strategies if abnormalities arise.
   • Wear protective gear (mask, gloves) and avoid mixing with other chemicals to prevent adverse reactions.
   • Clean equipment and disposal sites after use to avoid environmental contamination. Properly discard leftover solutions.

6. Effectiveness Evaluation: Assess results by observing growth patterns, yield changes, and adjusting future applications if needed.

III. Comprehensive Recommendations

1. Timing Optimization: Prioritize spraying during critical stages: pre-sowing, early growth, and tillering. Tailor timing to local climate and wheat phenology.

2. Dosage Control: Adjust concentrations carefully. Excessive use may lead to overgrowth or reduced stress tolerance, while insufficient doses may yield subpar results.

3. Integrated Farm Management: Combine brassinolide applications with balanced fertilization, irrigation, and pest control for maximized benefits.

4. Continuous Monitoring: Track crop performance post-application and refine strategies to ensure sustained effectiveness.

Brassinolide application is a potent tool for increasing wheat yields and quality. By aligning spray timing with growth stages, adhering to technical protocols, and integrating with broader agricultural practices, farmers can harness its full potential for productive and sustainable farming.