1、Serpentinites: Essential Roles in Geodynamics, Arc Volcanism, Sustainable Development, and the Origin of Life

Serp entinites play essential roles in numerous geological settings. They act as a lubricant along plate boundaries during aseismic creep and contribute to the geochemical cycle of subduction zones. In the mantle, they are a reservoir of water and fluid-mobile elements.

2、The Role of Fluids in the Formation of Rare Earth Element Deposits

Fluids play an important role in the formation of many rare earth element (REE) deposits. Groundwater and hydrothermal fluids can transport these elements and with changes in fluid composition or properties, the REEs can be removed from solution by adsorption or precipitation of REE-rich minerals.

3、Microbial Roles in Mineral Transformations and Metal Cycling in the Earth’s Critical Zone

Microbial roles in mineral transformations and metal cycling are especially important in the Earth’s Critical Zone (CZ) and microbes possess a variety of properties that can effect changes in metal speciation, toxicity and mobility, mineral formation or mineral dissolution or deterioration.

4、Determining the Cytotoxicity of Rare Earth Element Nanoparticles in Macrophages and the Involvement of Membrane Damage

This detailed investigation of signaling pathways driving REE NP-induced toxicity to macrophages is essential for better understanding of their potential health risks to humans and the environment.

Bacillus subtilis biofilm development in the presence of soil clay minerals and iron oxides

Clay minerals and metal oxides, as important parts of the soil matrix, play crucial roles in the development of microbial communities. However, the mechanism underlying such a process,...

Roles of minor rare

Minor addition or microalloying technique, which has been widely used in other metallurgical fields, plays effective and important roles in formation, crystallization, thermal stability and property improvement of BMGs.

Roles of minor additions in formation and properties of bulk metallic glasses

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are of current interest worldwide in materials science and engineering because of their unique properties. Exploring BMGs materials becomes one of the hottest topics in the materials science field.

The role of biogenic Fe

Studying their redox reactions and interactions is essential to unravel the biogeochemical cycles of these metal ions in aquatic ecosystems and to find effective methods to remove them simultaneously in drinking water treatment.

Role of rare earth elements in methanol oxidation

For decades rare earth elements (or lanthanides) were considered not to be involved in biological processes, until their discovery in the active site of the XoxF-type methanol dehydrogenase of the methanotrophic bacterium Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV.

Roles of minor rare

Minor addition or microalloying technique, which has been widely used in other metallurgical fields, plays effective and important roles in formation, crystallization, thermal stability and property improvement of BMGs.

Medium essential elements are critical nutrients required by the human body. Although their content in the body is not as abundant as macroelements (such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and chlorine), they play vital roles in maintaining normal physiological functions and metabolic processes. Medium essential elements primarily include magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. Below is a detailed explanation of their roles and formation mechanisms.

1. Magnesium: Magnesium is an essential trace element crucial for bone and tooth formation, neurotransmission, and enzyme activation. It regulates cardiovascular health, muscle contraction, and immune function. Dietary sources include green leafy vegetables, nuts, and whole grains.

2. Sulfur: Sulfur is a key component of proteins, fats, and nucleic acids, essential for cellular structure and function. It participates in the synthesis of biomolecules like polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. Foods rich in sulfur include meat, fish, legumes, and eggs.

3. Chlorine: Chlorine balances water and acid-base levels in the body. Chloride ions maintain plasma osmotic pressure, stabilize blood pressure, and aid gastric acid production. Major sources are drinking water and foods like sea products and dairy.

4. Sodium: Sodium, a critical electrolyte, regulates fluid balance, nerve signaling, and muscle contraction. It supports blood pressure and cardiac function. Common dietary sources are salted foods, pickled vegetables, and soy sauce.

5. Potassium: Potassium is essential for heart function and muscle contraction. It stabilizes cardiac cell potential, regulates neurotransmission, and maintains fluid and pH balance. Rich sources include bananas, potatoes, and spinach.

6. Calcium: Calcium forms bones and teeth, prevents fractures, and enables neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and blood coagulation. Dairy products, dried fish, and leafy greens are primary sources.

7. Phosphorus: Phosphorus builds bones and teeth and supports energy metabolism, muscle function, and neural activity. It is found in fish, meat, and dairy products.

despite their lower abundance compared to macroelements, medium essential elements are indispensable for human health. Maintaining a balanced diet and proper nutrient intake is crucial to support these vital physiological processes.