1、Boron Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

In particular, B toxicity is more difficult to manage agronomically and can be dealt with by using B-tolerant crop varieties. A typical symptom of B toxicity is the appearance of chlorotic and/or necrotic spots at the margins and tips of older leaves.

2、Boron phosphates (BPO4) as a seedling

Soluble boron (B) sources pose a risk of B toxicity to seedlings just after planting and leaching losses after application and before plant uptake. Boron phosphate (BPO 4) has low water solubility and slowly releases B, and hence could be safe for seedlings.

3、Effects of boron excess in nutrient solution on growth, mineral nutrition, and physiological parameters of Jatropha curcas seedlings

Under arid and semiarid conditions, boron (B) concentrations in irrigation water can be higher than desired when water from industry, urban areas, or desalination is used. However, the growth and physiological responses of J. curcas plants to B excess in the irrigation water are unknown.

Boron: Functions and Approaches to Enhance Its Availability in Plants for Sustainable Agriculture

B deficiency can be mitigated by inorganic fertilizer supplementation, but the deleterious impact of frequent fertilizer application disrupts soil fertility and creates environmental pollution.

Adelaide Research & Scholarship: Boron phosphates (BPO₄) as a seedling

Adelaide Research & Scholarship: Boron phosphates (BPO₄) as a seedling-safe boron fertilizer source

Nitric oxide alleviates boron toxicity by reducing oxidative damage and growth inhibition in maize seedlings (Zea mays L.)

Nitric Oxide (NO) is an important signal molecule modulating the plants responses to abiotic stresses. In this study the effects of exogenous NO as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on boron (B)-induced oxidative damage and growth in maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated.

Ferulic acid confers tolerance against excess boron by regulating ROS levels and inducing antioxidant system in wheat leaves

To our knowledge, no study has thus far explored the potential for exogenous FA application to improve tolerance against excess boron (B) in plants. For this purpose, wheat seedlings grown in hydroponic culture were treated with FA (25 and 75 μM) alone or in combination with B (4 and 8 mM).

Response of the plant hormone network to boron deficiency

Plant hormones (PH) adjust plant growth to environmental conditions such as nutrient availability. Although responses of individual PHs to growth-determining nutrient supplies have been reported, little is known about simultaneous dynamics in the metabolism of different PH species.

Effect of excess boron supply on germination and seedling growth of groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea Linn.)

Effect of excess boron supply on germination and seedling growth of groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea Linn.) Groundnut (TMV-2) seeds treated with ‘25 ppm boron’ solution germinated more quickly than the seeds supplied with deionized water.

Potential for high yield with increased seedling density and decreased N fertilizer application under seedling

Fertilizer application for rice production has increased significantly in southern China to raise yields, but has led to problems with lodging, quality decline and environmental pollution....

Boron fertilizer is a critical nutrient for plants, playing a significant role in enhancing crop yield and quality. improper use, particularly excessive application, can lead to adverse effects such as seedling damage and stunted growth. caution and appropriate measures are essential when applying boron fertilizer to avoid these problems.

1. Functions and Types of Boron Fertilizer

Boron fertilizer contains boron, an essential microelement for plant growth. Boron participates in key physiological processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, cell division, and root elongation. Common types of boron fertilizers include borax, boric acid, and boron-magnesium fertilizers.

2. Risks of Excessive Boron Fertilizer Use

Overapplication of boron fertilizer can elevate soil boron levels, disrupting nutrient absorption and harming crops. Specific risks include:

(1) Seedling Damage: High boron concentrations in the soil can injure roots, impairing their ability to absorb water and nutrients, leading to stunted growth or "burning" of seedlings.

(2) Nutrient Imbalance: Excess boron interferes with the uptake and transport of other essential nutrients, causing malnutrition in plants.

(3) Reduced Crop Quality: Overuse may result in uneven fruit size, poor taste, and other quality issues.

(4) Environmental Impact: Accumulated boron in soil can cause contamination, posing long-term risks to ecosystems and human health.

3. How to Prevent Excessive Boron Use?

To avoid risks associated with overapplication, follow these practices:

(1) Rational Fertilization: Base boron application on soil tests and crop requirements. Applying boron as a base fertilizer (pre-planting) is generally safer than topdressing (during growth), as it provides steady nutrient release.

(2) Scientific Proportioning: Balance boron with other nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus) to prevent deficiencies or imbalances.

(3) Monitor Soil Boron Levels: Regularly test soil to adjust fertilization strategies.

(4) Observe Crop Health: Assess plant growth to determine if boron supplementation is needed.

(5) Optimal Irrigation: Maintain adequate soil moisture to aid boron absorption, but avoid over-irrigation, which can leach boron away.

Boron is vital for plant development, but its use must be carefully managed. By adopting rational fertilization plans, scientific nutrient balancing, soil monitoring, and attentive crop observation, farmers can minimize risks and promote healthy crop growth.

Note: The original title appears to combine two questions. For clarity, it has been adapted to reflect the core focus of the article.