1、Composted materials as organic fertilizers

Composting process is generally indicated as the most adequate pre-treatment in order to obtain a composted material which may respond more efficiently and safely than the raw material to soil organic fertility requirements.

2、Preliminary design for establishing compost maturity by using the spectral characteristics of five organic fertilizers

Humic acid is the important component of organic fertilizer. Carboxylic and phenolic groups in humic acid containing OH bonds which are the sites for bonding with metals 6, 7.

3、Root growth promotion by humic acids from composted and non

The composting process lasted 90 days for both CSS and CMSW. A representative sample of each organic material (composed of 8–10 sub-samples) was collected, air-dried and ground to 0.5 mm in order to homogenise the material.

4、Study of the lipidic and humic fractions from organic wastes before and after the composting process

Composting and maturation process About 2 m3 of city refuse or sludge-grape debris mixture were moistened and piled on open windrow (ref. 5) which were turned after 13, 26, 39, 52, 65, 78, and 91 days of piling. The composts obtained were left to stabilize for four months (maturation process).

Compost and Crude Humic Substances Produced from Selected Wastes and Their Effects on Zea mays L. Nutrient Uptake and Growth

Standard procedures were used to analyze humic acids (HA), crude fulvic acids (CFA), crude humin (CH), soil, dry matter production and nutrient uptake. Sawdust and RS compost matured at 42 and 47 days, respectively, while RH and EFB composts were less matured at 49th day of composting.

Chemical and Physico

In this review paper, the chemical and physico-chemical analytical properties and data available for the evaluation on a molecular scale of the humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like constituents in composts are summarized and discussed in comparison with indigenous soil humic acids and fulvic acids.

The changes in carbon, nitrogen components and humic substances during organic

In this article, the changes in carbon, nitrogen components, and humic substances during organic-inorganic aerobic co-composting, with adding biochar as an additive or not, were studied. Results showed that adding a certain amount of inorganic fertilizers had no adverse effects on the compost fermentation process.

A Modified Way of Producing Humic Acid from Composted Pineapple Leaves: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture: Vol 25, No 1

Purification of humic acid (HA) is time-consuming (takes between 2 to 7 days). A study was conducted to investigate whether HA produced from composted pineapple leaves could be purified within a day through washing with distilled water.

Structure

We showed that regardless of the source of origin of the carbon (C3 or C4), soil-extracted HSs and humic acids (HAs) are structurally similar to each other.

Effect of Soil and Foliar Application of Humic Acid to Dry Weight and Mineral Nutrients Up

Humic substances (humic and fulvic acids) are the major components of soil organic matter and the term of “humus” is widely accepted as synonymous for the soil organic matter (Chen and Aviad, 1990).

Humic acid is a crucial organic fertilizer that improves soil structure and properties while promoting plant growth. During its production and application, composting is a critical step. This involves mixing organic materials with humic acid and piling them for a period to allow thorough decomposition and reactions with other substances. The required duration depends on factors such as raw material quality, environmental conditions, and intended use. Below is a detailed guide on composting times for humic acid organic fertilizer:

I. Preparations Before Composting Humic Acid Organic Fertilizer

1. Raw Material Selection:

   • Ingredients typically include livestock manure, straw, leaves, and other organic waste. Local resource availability and environmental conditions should guide material selection to ensure quality and reliability.

2. Material Processing:

   • Before composting, raw materials must be crushed or sifted to increase contact with humic acid, enhancing utilization efficiency.

3. Compost Site Preparation:

   • Choose a well-ventilated, drainable site to facilitate heat and moisture dissipation, preventing excess humidity from causing compost failure.

II. Composting Time for Humic Acid Organic Fertilizer

1. Initial Stage (1–3 Days):

   • Humic acid interacts with microorganisms in organic matter, producing heat, carbon dioxide, and methane. This stage promotes microbial proliferation and partial organic matter breakdown.

2. Middle Stage (4–7 Days):

   • Compost temperature rises as microbial activity intensifies. Adjust composting time based on climate and experience; typically, this phase lasts 5–10 days.

3. Final Stage (8–14 Days):

   • Temperature exceeds 60°C, accelerating humic acid decomposition. Compost maturity is indicated by dark color and strong odor. Stop composting when these signs appear.

III. Application Methods for Humic Acid Organic Fertilizer

1. Application Guidelines:

   • Mix fertilizer evenly with soil before use. For vegetables, apply 10–20 kg per mu; for fruit trees, reduce the dosage slightly.

2. Precautions:

   • Avoid overapplication to prevent soil salinization or poor aeration. Do not mix with chemical fertilizers, as interactions may reduce effectiveness.

composting duration varies based on raw materials, environmental conditions, and experience, typically ranging from 5–14 days. Monitor temperature and odor closely during composting to ensure full decomposition and fertilizer efficacy.