1、Ultrasound

According to our investigation, ultrasound (40 kHz, 0.64 W/cm 2) has little effect on the activity of one alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis. It is the first time to use ultrasound to accelerate the enzymatic hydrolysis of the untanned solid leather waste.

2、The status and developments of leather solid waste treatment: A mini

In this mini–review article, the major achievements in the treatment of leather solid wastes are highlighted. Emphasis will be placed on the treatment of chromium-tanned solid wastes; some new approaches are also discussed.

3、Recycling of finished leather wastes: a novel approach

Preparation of leather like material, i.e., regenerated leather (RGL) from finished leather wastes is economical and helps in reducing environmental pollution. Incorporating plant fibers (PFs) into RGL enhances its mechanical properties.

4、CLEANER PRODUCTION FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LEATHER Department of Chemical Engineering Addis Ababa University

es including Ethiopia, many leather industries discharge wastes into the environment without any proper treatment. The best approach to reduce the environment burden is to eliminate the problem at source, using cleaner production options. In this paper, the study is peiformed in one of

5、Leather Industry Waste as a Nitrogen Source for Wheat and Rice in Succession

The stabilization process necessary for leather tanning, in the leather industry, generates a great deal of collagenic solid waste, which is a likely pollutant. This solid waste has high nitrogen content, which suggests potential for agricultural use.

A low

In this regard, conventional methods, such as land filling and burning, are frequently employed for the treatment of this waste while these approaches are now being considered less cost-effective and environmentally benign owing to the release of toxic gases and secondary pollution to ground water.3,4 From the point of view of sustainable ...

The status and developments of leather solid waste treatment: A mini

In this mini–review article, the major achievements in the treatment of leather solid wastes are highlighted. Emphasis will be placed on the treatment of chromium-tanned solid wastes; some new approaches are also discussed.

Solid waste issue: Sources, composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization

Solid waste management issue is the biggest challenge to the authorities of both small and large cities’ in developing countries. This is mainly due to the increasing generation of such solid waste and the burden posed on the municipal budget.

A Method for the Removal of Chromium from Tanned Leather Wastes

All the Cr(III) that can be removed goes into solution in the form of soluble oxoanions. A more diluted base is not effective, while more con- centrated quickly damages the protein.

Innovative Energy & Research

As far as there are leather processing industries, waste generation also inevitably exists. The purpose of this study therefore is intended to quantify/estimate the solid leather waste generated from the industry and indicate the way forward of its disposal.

The reasons for converting leather waste into water-soluble fertilizer primarily include the following aspects:

1. Raw Material Characteristics of Leather Waste: Leather waste is mainly composed of animal skins and fur, which contain abundant nutrients such as animal proteins, fats, minerals, and trace elements. During decomposition, these substances can be transformed into organic fertilizers like humic acid and amino acids, thereby exhibiting fertilizing effects.

2. Chemical Properties of Leather Waste: Proteins, fats, and other organic compounds in leather generate organic acids, ammonia, and other substances during decomposition. These products serve as nutrient sources for plant growth. Additionally, leather waste contains heavy metals (e.g., copper, zinc, chromium), which can react with soil microorganisms to form new compounds, enhancing soil fertility.

3. Microbial Roles in Leather Waste: Leather waste harbors numerous bacteria and fungi that decompose organic matter, producing beneficial metabolites such as humic acid and amino acids. These metabolites nourish plants, while microorganisms also improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and potassium release.

4. Agricultural Application Value: As an organic fertilizer, leather waste has significant agricultural potential. It can be directly applied to农田 (fields) to enrich soil, blended with other organic fertilizers for enhanced efficacy, or used to produce biofertilizers and biopesticides, expanding its utility.

5. Environmental Advantages: Leather waste is a renewable resource with lower environmental risks compared to synthetic chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides. Its organic composition reduces harmful gas emissions during decomposition, minimizing ecological impact and aligning with sustainable agriculture and environmental protection goals.

6. Economic Viability: Leather waste offers lower production costs and higher economic benefits than conventional chemical fertilizers. It is widely available and inexpensive, produces high-efficiency organic fertilizers, and reduces reliance on synthetic inputs, thereby lowering agricultural production costs.

the conversion of leather waste into water-soluble fertilizer is driven by its raw material properties, chemical characteristics, microbial activity, agricultural value, environmental benefits, and cost-effectiveness. As sustainability and eco-friendly practices gain emphasis, this approach represents a promising direction for future agricultural fertilization.